Things are heavy right now, man. People are fighting wars, Wall Street is occupied, a large percentage of the workforce can’t find jobs, airport security procedures intensify in complexity by the minute, the rainforest is shrinking as I type … and that’s just the tip of the rapidly melting iceberg. So if you’re already feeling like Atlas with the weight of the world on your shoulders, you’ll be glad to find out that scientists recently invented a material so lightweight it makes styrofoam seem as heavy as a lead ingot.

In fact, “with a density of just 0.9 mg/cm3 the material is around 100 times lighter than Styrofoam and lighter than … ‘multiwalled carbon nanotube (MCNT) aerogel’ – also dubbed ‘frozen smoke’ – with a density of 4 mg/cm3” (Quick). Learn more about aerogels here.

Researchers at UC Irvine, HRL Laboratories and Caltech created an “ultralight metallic microlattice,” which, due to its nanoscale structural configuration vaguely reminiscent of the Eiffel tower, which consists 99.9% of air.  The scientists claim that it is the lightest material on earth.  To make the material, researchers fabricated “a lattice of interconnected hollow tubes with a wall thickness 1,000 times thinner than a human hair” (Netburn). It’s so unbelievably light that the researchers made a version out of nickel, placed it on top of a dandelion and … nothing happened; check it – the stalk didn’t even bend:

Photo: Ultralight metallic microlattice — which is 99.9% air — is so light that it can sit atop dandelion fluff without damaging it. Credit: Dan Little / HRL Laboratories

So how, aside from dandelion decoration, might we use an ultralight metallic microlattice?  The new material demonstrates impressive strength and energy absorption, with the ability to recover from compression exceeding 50% strain.  The small wall thickness-to-diameter ratio of the material allows the individual tubes to remain flexible and absorb energy (Quick). The microlattice demonstrates potential for awesomeness across a wide range of applications. It could be used for catalyst supports, acoustic dampening, as impact protection, vibration dampening, in the aerospace industry, possibly in airplanes to save weight and corresponding jet fuel, bike helmets, or maybe even battery electrodes.

I’d like to know if the manufacturing process is scalable, if it’s toxic in any way, what the cost is to make the material, and if its performance decays over time.  But it’s exciting to think about the possibilities – and to imagine little ultralight metallic microlattice samples floating delicately to earth like so many swan feathers floating on the breeze.

WU XING:

The lightest material on earth has been filed … in earth (and metal).

Cited:

Netburn, Deborah. “Scientists Invent Lightest Material on Earth. What Now?” Los Angeles Times online. 11/17/11. Accessed 11/21/11.  URL.

Quick, Darren. “Newly Developed Metallic ‘Microlattice’ Material is World’s Lightest.” Gizmag.com. 11/17/11. Accessed 11/21/11.  URL.

Special thanks to @BBQSnob for the tip.

I bring this up because I’m working on a project right now where a glowing ceiling is the goal. It’s a small, house-sized commercial structure whose organization responds to a grid that extends across an enormous site. Neighboring buildings consist of utterly huge cultural institutions, so this grid, which is expressed by cuts in the concrete paving and in the organization of landscape elements, is substantially out of scale with the tiny little building. That acknowledged, the grid is setting the size for the translucent acrylic ceiling panels that we’re planning to install inside the structure so light can shine through and the ceiling will glow. I can’t include a picture of the project, but the image below should get the general idea across:

Image courtesy http://www.extenzo.com/

I don’t know if you’ve worked with 1/2″ translucent acrylic panels lately, but let me tell you: they are all kinds of heavy. As originally designed, each of our panels would have weighed 300 pounds, causing a deflection of approximately 0.7″ (which means that our glowing ceiling would take on an appearance that can only be described as pillowed, undeniably and distastefully similar to deluxe toilet paper. One highly intriguing solution (which at the time of this writing is not being pursued, meaning I get to write about what I’ve learned instead of drawing it into our construction documents) would be to install a light weight, translucent, stretch fabric ceiling – rather than cutting the panels down and jumping through proverbial hoops to support their weight (…er – not that that is happening).

Image courtesy Newmat USA

Stretch fabric ceiling systems consist of a ceiling membrane, rails to attach the membrane to the walls, rings or grommets to allow light fixtures and other miscellaneous objects to penetrate the membrane, and subframing, which allows the membrane to change direction, slope, etc. The ceiling membranes can be obtained in many different finishes from various manufacturers, including lacquer, matte, mesh, perforated, and of course, translucent.  Two companies I’ve been researching lately are Newmat USA and Extenzo. Looking at photos of their installations made me wonder if I haven’t seen stretch ceilings installed without realizing they were there.

One of the major problems with glowing ceilings is the fact that the glow doesn’t last forever. Eventually lamps burn out, no matter what, and you have to change them. Using big heavy ceiling panels means that when this happens, a maintenance person has to find a friend or two, grab a ladder, and start shoving ceiling panels around. If the panels are delicate, they will break. If they are heavy, they will be dropped. A stretch ceiling is light weight and can easily detach from its supporting rails to allow for maintenance, and I’d imagine that replacing a damaged membrane wouldn’t be too difficult.

Image courtesy http://www.extenzo.com/

The other interesting aspect of stretch fabric systems is that they allow the ceiling surface to take on wild deformations that simply aren’t possible with other systems due to how much it would cost or the complexity of fabrication. A project for the customs house in Sydney, Australia by LAVA (Laboratory for Visionary Architecture) is an example of an installation of the product that takes advantage of its properties:

Image courtesy dezeen.com

Has anyone installed one of these systems? Let me know how it went!

WU XING: I’m filing stretch fabric ceilings under metal and wood, because they’re flexible and involve fastening.

Cited:

“Green Void by LAVA.” Dezeen. 12/16/08. Accessed 1/31/11. URL.